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Assessment Period: Which Months Count for Your Elterngeld?

Elterngeld Help·Reviewed 17 August 2026

Key takeaways

  • Employees: the 12 calendar months before the birth month count
  • Self-employed: the last completed tax year before birth counts
  • Months with Elterngeld or Mutterschutz can be excluded, shifting the period further back
  • Mixed income often moves the calculation to the tax-year period, including your salary

Find your assessment period

Use this calculator to find out exactly which months or year count for your Elterngeld. It only takes a minute.

What is the assessment period?

The assessment period (Bemessungszeitraum) is the time window that determines how much Elterngeld you receive. The Elterngeldstelle looks at your income during this period, calculates the monthly average, and bases your benefit on that number. Getting the assessment period right is important because it directly affects your monthly payment.

The rules are defined in §2b BEEG (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz). The period is not the same for everyone. It depends on whether you were employed, self-employed, or had income from both sources. The assessment period is also calculated separately for each parent, so you and your partner may have different ones.

Understanding your assessment period early gives you time to gather the right documents (payslips or tax returns) and, in some cases, to make choices that increase your Elterngeld.

Employees: 12 months before birth

If you are employed, the assessment period covers the 12 calendar months before the birth month (§2b Abs. 1 BEEG). The birth month itself is never included.

For mothers, the period typically ends before the start of Mutterschutz (maternity protection), which begins 6 weeks before the expected due date. For fathers, it ends with the month before the actual birth month.

Your baby is born in July 2026.
For the father: the assessment period is July 2025 to June 2026.
For the mother: Mutterschutz started in June 2026, so the period is June 2025 to May 2026 (the 12 months before June).

The Elterngeldstelle takes your gross salary from each of those 12 months, calculates a standardized net (Elterngeld-Netto), and averages it. This includes regular salary, bonuses paid in those months, and overtime. Sonstige Bezüge (one-time payments like a 13th month salary, year-end bonus, or severance) are generally not included. Only recurring (laufende) salary components count.

If you had a month with zero income (for example, unpaid leave between two jobs), that month still counts and brings your average down. It cannot be excluded unless one of the specific exclusion reasons applies.

Self-employed: the last tax year

If you are self-employed, the assessment period is the last completed tax year before birth (§2b Abs. 2 BEEG). For a baby born in July 2026, the assessment period is January to December 2025.

Your income is taken from your Einkommensteuerbescheid (tax assessment) for that year. The Elterngeldstelle uses the profit (Gewinn) shown in the tax assessment and divides it by 12 to get the monthly average.

If the tax assessment for the relevant year is not yet available, the Elterngeldstelle may initially accept the income tax return as filed or a profit and loss statement (EÜR). However, the final Elterngeld amount will be adjusted once the official tax assessment is issued.

Lisa is a freelance graphic designer. Her baby is due in September 2026. Her 2025 tax assessment shows a profit of €36,000. Her monthly average is €36,000 ÷ 12 = €3,000. This is the income basis for her Elterngeld.
Unlike employees, self-employed parents always use a full calendar year. The birth month does not matter for defining the period, only for determining which year is the "last completed" one.

Mixed income: employed and freelance

If you had both employed and self-employed income in the periods the law checks, the tax-year rule usually takes over for all your income. This can move your salary calculation away from the 12 months immediately before birth.

There is a narrow exception for very small amounts of self-employed income. On request, the employee period can apply if that income averaged less than €35 per calendar month in both periods the law checks: the last completed tax-assessment period and the birth year up to the month before birth. In that case, only the employed income is used for the calculation.

Do not rely on a simple €420-in-one-year shortcut. The Elterngeldstelle checks two periods, and you have to request the exception.

When months get excluded

Certain months can be excluded from the assessment period. This is important because months with reduced income would lower your average and therefore your Elterngeld. The exclusion rules are designed to protect parents from being penalized for pregnancy or caring for older children.

Months are excluded if any of the following applied:

  • Elterngeld for an older child: If you received Elterngeld for a previous child (within its first 14 months of life), those months are excluded. This prevents the reduced income during parental leave from lowering your benefit for the next child. For premature births (6+ weeks early), the exclusion window extends beyond 14 months: up to 15, 16, 17, or 18 months depending on how early the older child was born.
  • {{Mutterschaftsgeld}}: The months during which you were on maternity protection (6 weeks before the due date and 8 weeks after birth) are excluded. For the assessment period of a new baby, this includes Mutterschaftsgeld from both the current and any previous pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy-related illness: If you had a medical condition caused or worsened by pregnancy that reduced your income, those months can be excluded. This must be documented by a doctor. The illness needs to have actually reduced your income from employment.
  • {{Krankentagegeld}} during Mutterschutz: For parents with private health insurance, sick pay received during maternity protection periods is also excluded. This was added in May 2025 to close a gap for privately insured self-employed parents.
  • Military or civil service: Months of compulsory military service (Wehrdienst) or alternative civilian service (Zivildienst) are also excluded. This is rarely relevant today but remains in the law (§2b Abs. 1 Nr. 4 BEEG).

How the shift works for employees

When months are excluded, the assessment period shifts further back in time. The Elterngeldstelle still needs 12 months of income, so it replaces each excluded month with an earlier one. The shift is automatic for employees. You do not need to request it.

Your baby is born in July 2026. The default period would be Jul 2025 to Jun 2026. You received Mutterschutz in May and June 2026. Those 2 months are excluded. The period shifts back to include May 2025 and April 2025 instead, giving you a period from May 2025 to April 2026 (skipping May and June 2026).

In more complex cases, multiple exclusion reasons can overlap. If you received Elterngeld for your first child and then immediately became pregnant again, several months may need to be excluded.

Sarah had her first baby in January 2025 and received Elterngeld for 12 months (Jan 2025 to Dec 2025). Her second baby is born in August 2026. The default period would be Aug 2025 to Jul 2026. But months Jan 2025 to Dec 2025 had Elterngeld, and Jun/Jul 2026 had Mutterschutz. All of those within the window are excluded. The period shifts far enough back to find 12 months of regular employment income.
The shift always goes backward month by month. You cannot choose which months replace the excluded ones. The Elterngeldstelle handles this automatically based on your payslip records.
You can opt out of the exclusion. If the excluded months actually had higher income than the replacement months further back, you can request that the assessment period stays unchanged (§2b Abs. 1 Satz 3 BEEG). This must be requested when filing your application.

How the shift works for self-employed

For self-employed parents, the shift works differently. If one of the statutory exclusion reasons applied in a relevant profit-calculation period, you can request that the preceding completed tax-assessment period is used. Unlike the employee rule, this does not happen automatically.

If the preceding period was also affected by one of those reasons, the rules may move the period back again. But this is not a free choice between all previous years: the statutory sequence determines which period can replace which.

Before requesting the shift, compare the periods that are actually available in your case. A year is not selectable simply because it had the highest profit.

Common mistakes to avoid

When dealing with the assessment period, parents frequently make errors that cost them money. Here are the most common ones:

  • Assuming unpaid leave can be excluded. If you took unpaid leave, a sabbatical, or simply had a month without income for personal reasons, that month still counts in your assessment period with €0 income. Only the specific exclusion reasons (Elterngeld, Mutterschutz, pregnancy illness) allow skipping months.
  • Forgetting that freelance income changes the rules. Even a small amount can switch the period from the employee rule to the tax-year rule. For the small-income exception, the Elterngeldstelle checks two periods, not only one annual total.
  • Not requesting the shift for self-employed income. Unlike employees, the year shift for self-employed parents does not happen automatically. If you forget to request it in your application, the Elterngeldstelle will use the default year.
  • Treating the shift as a free choice. Self-employed parents cannot simply pick their strongest year. A previous period is available only when the statutory conditions for shifting are met.
  • Missing the pregnancy illness documentation. If you had reduced income because of a pregnancy-related illness, you need a doctor's note confirming both the diagnosis and the income reduction. Without this documentation, the exclusion will not be applied.

How to determine your assessment period

Follow these steps to find out which months or year count for your Elterngeld:

  • Determine your income type. Were you employed, self-employed, or both in the relevant periods? For a small freelance side income, check the €35 monthly average in both periods required by law.
  • Identify the default period. For employees: the 12 calendar months before birth (or before Mutterschutz for mothers). For self-employed or mixed: the last completed calendar year before birth.
  • Check for exclusion reasons. Look at each month in the default period. Were any affected by Elterngeld for an older child, Mutterschaftsgeld, or pregnancy-related illness? If yes, those months can be excluded.
  • Calculate the shifted period. For employees, the shift happens automatically. Count how many months are excluded and extend the period further back by that many months. For self-employed, check if you want to request the previous tax year.
  • Compare the periods the law allows. If an exclusion or small-income exception applies, check the available alternative before requesting it. Once you know your period, calculate your Elterngeld amount based on that income.

Practical tips

A few things to keep in mind when thinking about your assessment period:

  • Months with zero income still count (they bring your average down). Only the specific exclusion reasons listed above allow skipping months.
  • If you changed jobs or had a raise, the timing matters. Check which 12 months fall in your assessment period. A raise that falls just outside the period will not increase your Elterngeld.
  • Self-employed parents should compare tax years before deciding whether to request a shift. The year with the highest profit gives you the most Elterngeld.
  • The assessment period is calculated separately for each parent. Your partner may have a different one, and their income type may differ from yours.
  • If you are expecting a salary increase or bonus, check whether it falls within your assessment period. In some cases, negotiating the timing can make a difference of several hundred euros per month.
  • Keep records of any pregnancy-related illness early. A doctor's note confirming reduced income makes the exclusion process smoother when you file your application.
  • Couples should plan together. One parent might benefit from Basiselterngeld while the other benefits from ElterngeldPlus, depending on their respective assessment periods and income levels.
  • If your income varies significantly between years (common for self-employed), the choice of tax year can mean hundreds of euros per month in Elterngeld. Run the numbers for each option.

Next steps

Frequently asked questions

Which income counts for the calculation?

Your average monthly net income from employment counts. For employees: the 12 calendar months before the birth month. For self-employed: the last completed tax year before birth. Months with maternity protection, Elterngeld for an older child, or pregnancy-related illness can be excluded.

How are self-employed treated for Elterngeld?

For self-employed, the last completed tax year before birth is the assessment period (not 12 months before birth). The tax assessment or income statement serves as proof. Income during the benefit period is calculated based on a forecast and later reconciled with actual income.

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